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如何使用sentry对hive进行权限管理？

发表于：2024-11-23 作者：热门IT资讯网编辑
编辑最后更新 2024年11月23日，如何使用sentry对hive进行权限管理？相信很多新手小白对此束手无策，通过这篇文章的总结，希望你能找到解决的方法。背景：1、Apache Sentry是Cloudera公司发布的一个Hadoop开

如何使用sentry对hive进行权限管理？相信很多新手小白对此束手无策，通过这篇文章的总结，希望你能找到解决的方法。

背景：
1、Apache Sentry是Cloudera公司发布的一个Hadoop开源组件，它提供了细粒度级、基于角色的授权以及多租户的管理模式，
2、Sentry当前可以和Hive/Hcatalog、Apache Solr 和Cloudera Impala集成， 为这些组件提供权限管理服务。
3、基于角色的管理（role-based acess control）通过创建角色，将每个组件的权限授予给此角色，然后在用户(组)中添加此角色，用户便具备此角色访问组件的权限，
4、使用sentry对hive进行权限管理时，这里的组件可以是整个server，也可以是单个db,或者单张table.

测试如下：
1.1 查看全部数据库
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "show databases;"

我尝试的先创建一个库 报错如下：
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "create database test;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User hive does not have privileges for CREATEDATABASE 用户配置单元没有CREATEDATABASE的特权
The required privileges: Server=uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1->action=create->grantOption=false; (state=42000,code=40000)
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

1.2 查看全部角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "show roles;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
| role |
+-------+
+-------+
No rows selected (1.151 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000
// 用户角色为空

1.3 查看当前角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "show current roles;"
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
| role |
+-------+
+-------+
No rows selected (0.446 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000
// 显示当前没有任何的角色

1.4 查看当前用户
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "select current_user();"
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
| _c0 |
+-------+
| hive |
+-------+
1 row selected (1.124 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

// 当前操作hiveserver2的用户是hive

  1. hive用户授予管理员权限
    2.1 创建管理员角色admin
    beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE admin;"

2.2 为admin角色授予全部server权限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive // 进入到hiveserver2的内部之后执行如下：
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> grant all on server uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 to role admin;
No rows affected (0.491 seconds)

2.3 为hive用户赋予admin角色
//经过这一步，hive用户已经可以作为管理员用户执行全部数据和权限操作。
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE admin TO GROUP hive;"

create table student(
Sno char(9) COMMENT '用户ID',
Sname char(20) ,
Ssex char(2),
Sage int,
Sdept char(20)
);

insert into student values(200215121,'李勇','男',20,'CS');

没有出现中文乱码的问题，请测
验证方式需要：
show create table xxx;
desc xxx;
desc formatted xxx;
查看3种方式是不是都没有中文乱码的问题

  1. 创建测试数据库（使用hive用户创建）
    3.1 创建测试db1,db2
    //使用管理员用户登陆，创建db1,db2两个数据库。
    beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "create database db1;create database db2;"

// 创建测试表，并插入数据

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "create table db1.t1(id string);"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "insert into db1.t1 values ('t1_001'),('t1_002');"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "create table db2.t2(id string);"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "insert into db2.t2 values ('t2_001'),('t2_002');"

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> use db1;
No rows affected (0.173 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show tables;
+-----------+
| tab_name |
+-----------+
| t1 |
+-----------+
1 row selected (0.208 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> select * from t1;
+---------+
| t1.id |
+---------+
| t1_001 |
| t1_002 |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.294 seconds)

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> select * from db2.t2;
+---------+
| t2.id |
+---------+
| t2_001 |
| t2_002 |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.304 seconds)

3.2 master1,master2节点上创建linux测试用户user1, user2
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin user1

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin user2

cat /etc/passwd
user1:x:1004:1005::/home/user1:/sbin/nologin
user2:x:1005:1006::/home/user2:/sbin/nologin

3.3 hive中创建两个角色，分别授予不同的角色权限
//创建角色role1, 授予其对db1的管理权限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE role1;"
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "grant all on database db1 to role role1 with grant option;"

//创建角色role2, 授予其对db2的管理权限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE role2;"
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "grant all on database db2 to role role2 with grant option;"

// show grant role role1; (查看role1角色的权限列表)
// show grant role role2; (查看role2角色的权限列表)

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role1;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database | table | partition | column | principal_name | principal_type | privilege | grant_option | grant_time | grantor |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db1 | | | | role1 | ROLE | | true | 1583739035000 | -- |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.215 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role2;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database | table | partition | column | principal_name | principal_type | privilege | grant_option | grant_time | grantor |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db2 | | | | role2 | ROLE | | true | 1583739057000 | -- |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.119 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role admin;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database | table | partition | column | principal_name | principal_type | privilege | grant_option | grant_time | grantor |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| | | | | admin | ROLE | | false | 1583737318000 | -- |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.131 seconds)

3.4 管理员用户登陆hive,为两个用户赋予不同的角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE role1 TO GROUP user1;"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE role2 TO GROUP user2;"

// show role grant group user1 (查看user1的角色列表)
// show role grant group user2（查看user2的角色列表）
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user1;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role | grant_option | grant_time | grantor |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role1 | false | 0 | -- |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.144 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user2;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role | grant_option | grant_time | grantor |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role2 | false | 0 | -- |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.125 seconds)

4 使用user1, user2用户登陆，验证权限隔离
//user1登陆，只能看到db1数据库
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n user1 -e "show databases;"

// user2用户登陆，只能看到db2数据库
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n user2 -e "show databases;"

  1. 其他使用测试
    5.1 将role从角色中剔除
    REVOKE ROLE role1 FROM GROUP user1;
    删除role
    //先查看角色列表
    show roles

// 删除角色
drop role role2;

角色权限撤销
// 先查看角色当前授权信息
show grant role role1;

// 将db1的操作权限从role1撤销
revoke all on database db1 from role role1;

授权语句说明：
角色授权和撤销
GRANT ROLE role_name [, role_name] TO GROUP [,GROUP ]
REVOKE ROLE role_name [, role_name] FROM GROUP [,GROUP ]

权限的授予和撤销
GRANT [, ] ON TO ROLE [,ROLE ]
REVOKE [, ] ON FROM ROLE [,ROLE ]

查看角色/组权限
SHOW ROLES;
SHOW CURRENT ROLES;
SHOW ROLE GRANT GROUP ;
SHOW GRANT ROLE ;
SHOW GRANT ROLE on OBJECT ;

查看所有的角色
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show roles;
+--------+
| role |
+--------+
| admin |
| role1 |
| role2 |
+--------+
3 rows selected (0.12 seconds)

#将某个数据库读权限授予给某个role
GRANT SELECT ON DATABASE db_name TO ROLE role_name;

#将test 表的 S1 列的读权限授权给role_name （TABLE也可以不写）
GRANT SELECT(s1) ON TABLE test TO ROLE role_name;

#test表的select 权限给 role_name 角色
GRANT SELECT ON TABLE test TO ROLE role_name;

例子：
目前有2个用户
user1 // 有db1下t1 表的所有权限
user2 // 有db2下t2 表的所有权限

目前有角色
+--------+
| role |
+--------+
| admin | //所有库的最高权限 all
| role1 | // 只有db1库的所有权限
| role2 | // 只有db2库下的所有权限
+--------+

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show databases;
+------------------------+
| database_name |
+------------------------+
| db1 |
| db2 |
| default |
| temp |
| test_hive_ucloud10086 |
+------------------------+

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n user2 -e "select * from db2.t2;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+---------+
| t2.id |
+---------+
| t2_001 |
| t2_002 |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.631 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n user2 -e "insert into db2.t2 values ('t2_003'),('t2_004');"
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 2.3.3)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
No rows affected (25.708 seconds)

再查询一次，ok 插入成功
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+---------+
| t2.id |
+---------+
| t2_001 |
| t2_002 |
| t2_003 |
| t2_004 |
+---------+
4 rows selected (0.605 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

接下来，我有个需求，我想把temp下的student表给user2开放
首先user2对于的role2角色要有temp库的select权限
然后再把temp库下的student表的select权限给到role2 这个角色
那么user2属于role2 角色下 自然就有了temp下的student表的select权限

GRANT SELECT ON TABLE temp.student TO ROLE role2;

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE temp.student TO ROLE role2;
No rows affected (0.145 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user2;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role | grant_option | grant_time | grantor |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role2 | false | 0 | -- |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.129 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role2;
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database | table | partition | column | principal_name | principal_type | privilege | grant_option | grant_time | grantor |
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db2 | | | | role2 | ROLE | * | true | 1583739057000 | -- |
| temp | student | | | role2 | ROLE | SELECT | false | 1583740481000 | -- |
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
2 rows selected (0.125 seconds)

验证如下：
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n user2 -e "show databases;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+----------------+
| database_name |
+----------------+
| db2 |
| default |
| temp |
+----------------+
3 rows selected (0.614 seconds)

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n user2 -e "use temp;show tables;"
No rows affected (0.476 seconds)
+-----------+
| tab_name |
+-----------+
| student |
+-----------+
1 row selected (0.282 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n user2 -e "select * from temp.student;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
| student.sno | student.sname | student.ssex | student.sage | student.sdept |
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
| 200215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS |
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
1 row selected (0.667 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000" -n user2 -e "insert into temp.student values(100215122,'刘晨','女',19,'CS');"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User user2 does not have privileges for QUERY // 用户user2没有QUERY的特权
The required privileges: Server=uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1->Db=temp->Table=student->action=insert->grantOption=false; (state=42000,code=40000)
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

看完上述内容，你们掌握使用sentry对hive进行权限管理？的方法了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或想了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读！

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